Tourette’s disorder is characterised by multiple motor and vocal tics that occur many times every day or intermittently for >1 year. Tics can be simple (rapid, repetitive contractions) or complex (appear as more ritualistic and purposeful), and simple tics appear first.
Mean onset is age 7 (onset must be age <18).
Male to female ratio is 3:1.
Evidence of genetic transmission: ~50% concordance in monozygotic twins
Associated with increased levels of dopamine
Associated with ADHD and OCD
Treatment: haloperidol, pimozide, or clonidine
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